Analysis of Alloy Powders for Metal 3D Printing

    Application Note EDXRF1978

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    Scope

    The analysis of alloy powders used for 3D printing is demonstrated.

    Background

    DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) is an industrial metal 3D printing method that fuses layers of fine metal powder particles, creating a metal part layer by layer. Metal 3D printing techniques are ideal for manufacturing complex metal shapes that can be expensive or impossible to produce using traditional manufacturing methods. Metal 3D printed parts are typically stronger and denser than those made by traditional casting. The DMLS process is used for prototyping metal parts and low volume manufacturing, eliminating expensive and time-consuming tooling. When mixing various metal alloy powders, it is important to monitor the elemental compositions of the raw materials and powder mixtures to ensure proper alloy balances for the parts being produced. Applied Rigaku Technologies offers the Rigaku NEX DE EDXRF spectrometer for fast and simple analysis of metal alloy powders used in metal 3D printing.

    NEX DE  premium high-performance benchtop EDXRF elemental spectrometerModel: NEX DE

    Analytical

    Sample ID: Al-Si-Mg
    Component Result Stat. error
    Mg 0.126 0.0071
    Al 87.4 0.02
    Si 12.2 0.0105
    P ND 0.0009
    S ND 0.0005
    Cl ND 0.0003
    Ti ND 0.0018
    V 0.0111 0.0012
    Cr (0.0044) 0.0007
    Mn 0.0038 0.0005
    Fe 0.294 0.0016
    Co ND 0.0003
    Ni 0.0081 0.0002
    Cu 0.0045 0.0001
    Zn 0.0033 <0.0001
    Ga 0.0080 0.0001
    Y 0.0002 <0.0001
    Nb (0.0002) <0.0001
    Mo 0.0010 <0.0001
    Sn (0.0002) <0.0001
    Pb 0.0009 <0.0001

    Sample ID: Ti-Al- V
    Component Result Stat. Error
    Mg ND 0.0303
    Al 4.49 0.0117
    Si ND 0.0011
    P ND 0.0006
    S ND 0.0003
    Cl ND 0.0003
    Ti 90.6 0.0334
    V 4.59 0.0153
    Cr ND 0.0060
    Mn (0.0046) 0.0013
    Fe 0.238 0.0028
    Co ND 0.0006
    Ni 0.0294 0.0007
    Cu 0.0106 0.0004
    Zn (0.0012) 0.0002
    Ga 0.0076 0.0002
    Y (0.0002) <0.0001
    Nb 0.0026 0.0002
    Mo 0.0022 0.0002

    Sample ID: PHSS
    Component Result Stat. error
    Mg ND 0.0097
    Al 0.0247 0.0031
    Si 0.528 0.0016
    P ND 0.0004
    S ND 0.0003
    Cl ND 0.0002
    Ti ND 0.0021
    V ND 0.0013
    Cr 16.3 0.0208
    Mn (0.0252) 0.0067
    Fe 75.6 0.0186
    Co 0.202 0.0061
    Ni 3.70 0.0107
    Cu 3.16 0.0086
    Zn (0.0022) 0.0006
    Ga ND 0.0004
    Y ND <0.0001
    Nb 0.289 0.0019
    Mo 0.0158 0.0005

    Sample ID: 316LSS
    Component Result Stat. error
    Mg ND 0.0105
    Al 0.125 0.0031
    Si 0.480 0.0016
    P ND 0.0005
    S ND 0.0008
    Cl ND 0.0002
    Ti ND 0.0024
    V ND 0.0017
    Cr 18.5 0.0240
    Mn 0.938 0.0087
    Fe 65.5 0.0237
    Co 0.208 0.0065
    Ni 11.8 0.0183
    Cu 0.0905 0.0018
    Zn ND 0.0005
    Ga ND 0.0004
    Y ND 0.0001
    Nb ND 0.0004
    Mo 2.39 0.0056

    Sample ID: INC625
    Component Result Stat. error
    Mg ND 0.0130
    Al 0.201 0.0039
    Si (0.0044) 0.0010
    P ND 0.0009
    S ND 0.0018
    Cl ND 0.0003
    Ti 0.0741 0.0054
    V ND 0.0028
    Cr 23.0 0.0380
    Mn ND 0.0087
    Fe 0.326 0.0041
    Co ND 0.0021
    Ni 63.1 0.0255
    Cu 0.304 0.0030
    Zn 0.0104 0.0011
    Ga ND 0.0007
    Y ND 0.0006
    Nb 3.50 0.0072
    Mo 9.44 0.0118

    Sample ID: INC718
    Component Result Stat. error
    Mg ND 0.0123
    Al 0.368 0.0040
    Si 0.0465 0.0010
    P ND 0.0007
    S ND 0.0011
    Cl ND 0.0002
    Ti 0.930 0.0101
    V ND 0.0035
    Cr 20.0 0.0293
    Mn (0.0638) 0.0077
    Fe 19.5 0.0246
    Co 0.226 0.0054
    Ni 50.7 0.0242
    Cu 0.294 0.0029
    Zn ND 0.0088
    Ga ND 0.0006
    Y ND 0.0004
    Nb 4.84 0.0082
    Mo 3.14 0.0068

    ND means the component was not detected; ( ) means the component was below LLQ.

    Conclusion

    This study illustrates how the NEX DE analyzer yields very good semi-quant results for general screening and monitoring alloy powder composition and mixtures. The Rigaku NEX DE analyzer, with its high performance and simple yet advanced software, provides an easy-to-use and valuable tool for the metal 3D printing industry to ensure proper alloy mixtures and high-quality metal parts.

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