Are you thinking about purchasing an XRF analyzer? Do you know how much you should spend? There is a broad spectrum of bulk XRF analyzers, from handheld and benchtop analyzers to floor models.
Prices for these XRF analyzers can vary widely, ranging anywhere from as low as $15,000 all the way up to $500,000 or more. Understanding this price range is crucial as you consider your investment and search for the analyzer that meets your technical requirements and budget.
Factors that impact the cost of an XRF analyzer
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a nondestructive analytical technique for determining the elemental composition of various materials. It works by directing X-rays at a material, which causes that material to fluoresce secondary X-rays. By measuring the intensity and energy or wavelength of these secondary X-rays, an XRF analyzer can identify the elements in the material and calculate the concentration of those elements.
To learn more about the theory of XRF, read: X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
XRF analyzers allow researchers and manufacturers to perform elemental analysis quickly and non-destructively. These devices are essential tools across various industries, providing crucial insights into the elemental composition of materials through quantitative analysis. However, when working with technologies that offer a wide range of options, like XRF, you’ll need to consider several important factors, such as power, detection limits, equipment size, and the operating environment.
Understanding the factors that affect the price is essential so you can budget appropriately. Equally important is ensuring that the analyzer meets your specific application requirements without exceeding your budget, striking the right balance between capability and cost.
Bulk XRF analyzers tend to fall into one of the following model groups: handheld, benchtop, or floor model.
These portable analyzers are primarily used for fieldwork and on-site XRF analysis. Handheld models are compact and deliver immediate results, making them highly convenient in environments where speed and mobility are key. They are also the most affordable XRF option. However, their lower sensitivity and precision stem not just from a trade-off for speed but from a compact design with a low-power X-ray tube and less sensitive detectors, inherently limiting performance.
These analyzers provide improved accuracy and safety over handheld models. They are more commonly used for production environments and in labs where enhanced precision is desired. Benchtop analyzers generally cost more than handheld models because of their more advanced analysis capabilities and superior performance, which are made possible by more powerful X-ray tubes, improved detectors, and more consistent sample presentation.
Floor model analyzers deliver the highest performance of the three models, thanks to their substantially more powerful X-ray tubes and wider variety of optic options. These models are well-suited for high-throughput environments and applications that demand exceptional performance. On the downside, floor model analyzers are the most expensive option and take up significantly more space.
There are two commonly used XRF techniques: EDXRF and WDXRF.
As mentioned above, XRF analyzers send a beam of X-rays at a sample, exciting all the elements present in the sample simultaneously. The fluorescent X-rays produced are unique to each element and are then collected by a detector. In EDXRF, the detector measures the energy and intensity of these secondary X-rays. As a result, you are able to quantify multiple elements concurrently.
While EDXRF systems can vary in optical configurations, the main advantages of EDXRF are its operational simplicity and fewer moving parts. This makes it ideal for routine screening and situations where quick results are needed.
EDXRF analyzers generally operate in the 4 W-100 W power range. This power level contributes to their efficient performance for many elements; however, they are limited in their ability to detect lighter elements such as beryllium (4Be), boron (5B), and carbon (6C). This contrasts with WDXRF systems, which excel in this area. Due to their streamlined design and emphasis on practical utility, EDXRF analyzers are typically in the $15,000-$100,000 price range.
Figure 1: Direct Excitation EDXRF
To learn more about EDXRF, read: About Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Wavelength Dispersive XRF (WDXRF)
In WDXRF, the fluorescent X-rays emitted from the sample are collimated. Then, depending on the analyzer, one or more crystals are used to diffract the X-rays at a specific wavelength. A detector is placed at a particular angle to read the targeted wavelength.
A crucial part of WDXRF is its more powerful X-ray tube (typically in the 200 W-4000 W range) compared to that of EDXRF. This is what gives the analyzer its superior performance. Equally important is the analyzing crystal, a key component that enables WDXRF to achieve the high spectral resolution that distinguishes it from EDXRF. Together, these features make WDXRF particularly well-suited for complex applications and light element analysis.
On the other hand, WDXRF systems are more complicated and have more moving parts. This complexity may also mean longer analysis times and increased maintenance compared to EDXRF. Their powerful X-ray tubes and specialized analyzing crystals mean that these high-performance analyzers typically cost $80,000–$500,000 or more.
To learn more about WDXRF, read: About Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Related to the XRF technique used, the elemental range will change the price. The elemental range is influenced by the analyzer’s analytical capabilities, which depend on factors such as the X-ray tube, tube filters, secondary targets, analyzing crystals, and detectors. Both benchtop and floor model analyzers perform well when it comes to analyzing a broad range of elements, from sodium (11Na) to uranium (92U).
However, because floor models have higher-performing optics and a more powerful X-ray tube, they can measure even lighter elements, down to beryllium (4Be). Make sure to choose an analyzer that is capable of measuring all the elements required for your application.
The lower limit of quantification (or LLQ) for an XRF analyzer refers to the lowest concentration of an element that you can measure. While these analyzers are capable of quantitative analysis, quantifying elements from percentage levels down to parts per million (ppm), the actual LLQ depends on factors such as the specific element, the sample matrix, and the type of XRF technique used.
More advanced and typically more expensive analyzers can measure lower concentrations with greater precision. In contrast, more cost-effective options may have higher LLQs, which limits their ability to quantify low levels. It is important to keep this in mind when evaluating different instruments. Always choose an analyzer that can accurately quantify the elements of interest at the concentration levels required for your specific application.
The cost of an analyzer will vary based on the detector type, which is determined by the specific XRF technique being used.
The most widely used detectors for EDXRF are silicon drift detectors (SDD) and positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diode detectors. SDD detectors offer better resolution and sensitivity. Their presence in premium models contributes to higher costs. Conversely, PIN diode detectors are a cost-effective choice for applications with budget constraints or less stringent analytical requirements.
For WDXRF, the most commonly used detectors are flow-proportional counters (F-PC) and scintillation counters. F-PCs are typically used for lighter element analysis (e.g., 12Mg, 13Al, 14Si). However, F-PCs require continuous gas flow (often a P10 gas mixture), which increases operational expenses. Scintillation counters are generally used for heavier elements (e.g., 26Fe, 28Ni, 29Cu); these tend to be more robust and are more cost-effective.
Similarly to the range of elements, there are many factors, such as the X-ray tube, tube filters, secondary targets, and the analyzing crystals, that affect the sensitivity and precision of an analyzer. Benchtop analyzers typically use mid-powered X-ray tubes and standard crystals, which are sufficient for a wide range of materials but may limit performance for some elements. This makes them a more cost-effective option.
That being said, if your application requires the highest level of performance, you will need a floor model analyzer with a more powerful X-ray tube and advanced analyzing crystals. Because of these enhanced components, these analyzers are more costly.
The cost of an XRF instrument can be influenced by several additional features, such as mapping, specialized software, advanced user interfaces, or expanded data analysis capabilities. Accessories like sample holders, calibration standards, and spare parts can also contribute to the overall financial investment.
Now that you understand the many factors affecting the price of an XRF analyzer, let’s examine some general price ranges.
If you want better precision, a broader range of elements, and higher sensitivity, prices can range from $30,000 to $50,000.
If you want advanced detection capabilities, built-in software, and the ability to quantify most elements, you will need a top-notch handheld XRF analyzer. These can cost over $60,000.
Note: All handheld models are EDXRF; Handheld models range in power from 1 W to 5 W
A handheld XRF analyzer: Niton™ XL3t XRF Analyzer
Basic benchtop XRF analyzers typically cost $25,000 to $45,000. These are most appropriate for standard laboratory and at-line applications. All of these models are EDXRF analyzers.
Higher-quality systems with improved resolution, better software, and more comprehensive elemental analysis can cost between $45,000 and $65,000.
Top-tier benchtop XRF analyzers, which give you advanced precision measurements and features, can cost $65,000 - $150,000 (or higher), ranging from EDXRF into the benchtop WDXRF range.
Note: Benchtop models typically range in power from 4 W to 200 W
A benchtop XRF analyzer: NEX CG II Series
Floor models are not considered to be low-end/entry-level models as they are more technologically advanced and have a higher price point. When looking for an analyzer that is less than $180,000, consider looking into the benchtop models.
More advanced systems offering enhanced resolution, improved software capabilities, and broader elemental coverage generally cost between $180,000 and $250,000. These models tend to be WDXRF.
Premium floor model analyzers designed for ultra precise XRF analysis and equipped with cutting-edge features, exceed $500,000. These models are always WDXRF.
Note: Floor models typically range in power from 200 W to 4 kW
A floor model XRF analyzer: ZSX Primus IV
| Model | Technique | Tier | Price Range | Typical features & best use cases |
| Handheld | EDXRF | Entry-level | $15,000 - $30,000 | Basic applications, material identification, and on-site evaluation |
| EDXRF | Mid-range | $30,000 - $50,000 | Better precision, broader elemental range, higher sensitivity | |
| EDXRF | High-end | $60,000+ | Advanced detection, built-in software, quantifies most elements (for handhelds) | |
| Benchtop | EDXRF | Entry-level | $25,000 - $45,000 | Standard lab and at-line applications, basic analysis |
| EDXRF | Mid-range | $45,000 - $65,000 | Improved resolution, better software, and more comprehensive elemental analysis | |
| EDXRF or WDXRF | High-end | $65,000 - $150,000+ | Advanced precision, expanded features, high-end lab work | |
| Floor | See information above | Entry-level | $80,000 - $120,000 | See information above |
| WDXRF | Mid-range | $180,000 - $250,000 | Enhanced resolution, improved software, broader elemental coverage | |
| WDXRF | High-end | $500,000+ | Ultra precise analysis, cutting-edge features, top-tier research, and industrial applications |
Although the initial price of an XRF analyzer is significant, there are ongoing costs that you should account for:
Service is imperative to ensure the best performance from your XRF analyzer and prevent unscheduled downtime. An annual service contract may cost you approximately 10-15% of the analyzer price, depending on the level of support and coverage.
Basic contracts usually cover annual preventive maintenance, while more comprehensive plans may include calibration, priority support, replacement parts, or on-site repairs. Investing in a service contract will help you reduce unexpected downtime and repair expenses, ensuring consistent performance.
With most XRF applications, some sample preparation is often required. For example, you may need to crush and grind your sample before measuring it in an XRF instrument, in which case you will need to purchase a grinder. This is another cost to think about when purchasing an analyzer. These costs will vary significantly depending on the preparation needed and could cost anywhere from $5,000-$50,000+.
Some XRF analyzers require consumables, such as an X-ray tube, calibration standards, sample pipettes, sample cups, etc., which can add to operating costs. Consumables can cost approximately 5-10% of the cost of an analyzer.
The most important and costly consumable associated with a WDXRF analyzer is the X-ray tube. While this is not a cost that you will be incurring often, it is important to be aware of it. With proper care, X-ray tubes can last 5-7 years or longer. However, X-ray tube life expectancy varies depending on usage, environmental conditions, and maintenance practices. For EDXRF analyzers, this cost is significantly lower and is generally covered in the service contract.
Other consumables, such as calibration standards and sample cups, are relatively low-cost and will depend on your specific application.
Your operators usually need formal training to effectively utilize your XRF analyzer. While the initial training is often included in the system cost, some manufacturers offer additional training that is completely customizable.
Another factor to consider is whether your XRF analyzers need periodic software updates. This could cost you more over time.
The cost of an XRF analyzer will depend greatly on your needs, such as type, features, and intended use. Handheld models are most cost-effective, starting at around $15,000. Benchtop systems, which can cost anywhere from $30,000 to over $150,000, will offer good precision and give you more capabilities. Although the floor models have a high price tag ($80,000 to over $500,000), they provide the best performance and offer the most advanced capabilities.
When deciding to purchase an XRF analyzer, it’s crucial to consider not only the upfront cost but also the overall cost, including service, sample preparation, and training. Whether in the field or the lab, understanding your specific needs will help you choose the right model and budget accordingly.
Our team of experienced specialists is here to guide you every step of the way. Whether you're just starting your search or refining your options, we’re committed to helping you make a confident, informed decision that best aligns with both your technical requirements and budget. Ready to take the next step? Get in touch with us today and let’s find the perfect XRF analyzer for your needs.